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How The Chronicle is trying to malign Sci-Hub

Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Fri, 09/07/2021 - 11:35am in

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Recently a new article was published in The Chronicle about me running Sci-Hub, a project dedicated to providing free access to academic journals all over the world. The website currently has around 500,000 users daily, most of whom are students and researchers.

There is a well-known trouble in modern science concerning access to academic literature. In the recent 40 years, academic publishing became increasingly controlled by a few big corporations, and as a result, access to research publications became extremely expensive: even richest universities in rich countries started to feel the burden. As a reaction, Open Access movement has emerged by early 2000s, supported many top scientists including Nobel prize recipients such as former NIH director Harold Varmus. They argue that all scientific journals should be absolutely free to read! There should be no obstacles to free communication in science.

Despite wide support for Open Access movement among scientists, corporations have kept their strong positions. By 2011 most academic journals remained paywalled and sold for expensive prices. That was the moment when I started Sci-Hub — a website that allows any user to bypass the paywall and read for free almost any research article that was ever published. Unsurprisingly, Sci-Hub got many lawsuits. In 2016 the US Court has prohibited Sci-Hub operation and decided it must pay Elsevier, a largest academic corporation, 15 million dollars!

Of course I never paid them. Sci-Hub is running completely on donations that it receives from users. By 2016, the whole sum Sci-Hub has ever received in donations was, by my estimate, less than 100,000 US dollars. Because I’m not in jurisdiction of the United States, I could simply ignore the lawsuit and Sci-Hub continued to operate as usual, widely supported by ordinary people who do no understand why public-funded science should be a private property of a few large corporations.

They have sued Sci-Hub in many other countries, such as France, United Kingdom, Russia and others, and succeeded in getting access to the website blocked at the ISP level in these countries. But that was not a big victory: government censorship of websites is easily bypassed today. Even further, it became ridiculous in the eyes of people who do not understand why access to science website is being blocked at the government level.

So they started to work on public opinion. Their goal is to present Sci-Hub and its author Alexandra Elbakyan as some kind of malign project. Sci-Hub was presented in media as secret operation of Russian Intelligence services and so on.

The recent article in The Chronicle about me running Sci-Hub is no exception, starting with the photo they have chosen for their article:

Alexander Krassotkin, Wikimedia

The photo is from 2016 and it is simply horrendous: the picture was deliberately photographed this way and uploaded to Wikimedia commons, free for anyone to use. Since that time, it was used in many publications paid by Elsevier to present me as an an ugly and dark person.

They could easily use a better and more recent photo, such as this one that I made while traveling at Sochi in 2021:

Alexandra Elbakyan at Sochi in 2021

But this is too good for the article. If someone sees this photo, they might think that I am bright and sincere person. So they cannot use it. I asked them to change the photo and they did not

The next type of attack is they are desperately trying for years to present Sci-Hub as not my own work. They want to instill the opinion, that I am just some kind of a public face for Sci-Hub, and the real work is being done by somebody else, some real geniuses hidden from the public. Here is how they do it:

She said that while she gets some help, Sci-Hub remains pretty much a one-woman show (it’s “mainly me,” she said)

The Chronicle of Higher Education

So they lie to their readers that Sci-Hub run by a woman is some kind of not a real thing but a ‘show’ , and to support this, they seize upon a word ‘mainly’ that I have used to describe my work, as a proof that I am not doing this myself, but getting helped instead.

Here is the excerpt from the transcript of the interview translation:

T: Is this mostly solo for you? Is there anyone who is helping you on day-to-day basis?

A: Not really, it’s mainly me working on Sci-hub. However, some people send me university library accounts for downloading articles for Sci-hub. They send me their logins and passwords.

excerpt from Elbakyan interview to The Chronicle

So it is clear from the context, that the word ‘mainly’ represents that Sci-Hub is helped by people sending university library accounts to it. Regarding the programming part, I do it 100% myself. Even further, that is not clear if I actually have said ‘mainly’ because my responses were in Russian and translated to English by interpreter. From what I could hear, the translation was imprecise: an interpreter simply used her own words to explain how she understood my answer, it was not a word-by-word translation. But even if I used that word, at least in Russian language mostly is often a parasite word, that does not carry a lot of meaning.

After reading the blog post, somebody can think that these are very tiny things to worry about. The photo is not very bad after all, and who cares if it is only you or somebody else is working on the project? Yes: these are tiny things, but they are important. The photo is bad. And the fact that woman does real work and not a show is important. They cannot attack Sci-Hub directly because it will have the opposite effect. So they have to use tiny things and to instill doubts instead. When not exposed, it works.

Corrections to The Verge article about Sci-Hub: part 3

Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Sat, 17/02/2018 - 2:49am in

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The final set of corrections to The Verge article about Sci-Hub

Still, Elbakyan worried about being extradited. “I do know about stories where hackers that left Russia or Ukraine for Europe or the United States were unexpectedly arrested”

Being unexpectedly arrested and being extradited are different things. I worry about the former, not the later. I know that Elsevier filed a civil case, but who knows, what can happen in the case I visit US?

She also made Sci-Hub inaccessible to Americans (except those using VPNs) — in part because of the number of download requests, but also because she wanted to avoid becoming a target for lawsuits.

True, the Sci-Hub was not operating in the US when it just started, a few years ago, to avoid being noticed. The article leaves impression as if it was happening not a few years ago, but recently.

Elbakyan says that she couldn’t pay $15 million even if she wanted, as she is getting “only few thousand a month” in donations.

Not true. I told that 15 million is much higher than all sums Sci-Hub received and spent in the few years of its existence. The expenses of Sci-Hub were few thousands USD per month. I counted expenses, and I never counted the donations received each month.

She may be undercounting. One 2017 PeerJ study estimated that Sci-Hub owned $268,000 in unspent bitcoin as of August 2017

The bitcoin was cheap before, and only recently, starting from 2017, it explosively grew in price. In 2016 one bitcoin costed only 800 USD. Sci-Hub works from 2011, at that time one bitcoin costed only 5 USD.

Though Elbakyan has publicly disagreed with that estimate, she hasn’t said how much she owns in bitcoin

That is misunderstanding: I disagreed with donations in general, not with the Bictcoin estimate.

Corrections to The Verge article about Sci-Hub: second part, the Dynasty foundation

Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Sat, 17/02/2018 - 2:43am in

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That is a second part of corrections to The Verge article on Sci-Hub, that will be devoted to the conflict with the Dynasty foundation.

In May 2015, as part of a sweeping effort to insulate Russia from foreign influence, the Kremlin labeled Russia’s only private funder and popularizer of scientific research, the Dynasty Foundation, a “foreign agent.” Unlike much of the scientific community, Elbakyan was happy about change.

That is not very important, but I would question how it was measured that much of the Russian scientific community was disturbed by this change? Simply the fact that someone said that cannot be considered to be statistically significant result. From what I can say, many researchers never heard about the Dynasty foundation. Even with Sci-Hub, some users only learnt about the website in 2017.

It was effectively a think tank that assisted education initiatives that taught modern political science from a liberal perspective in Russian schools — including Elbakyan’s. This is ostensibly what qualified as “political activity.”

I attended the lectures, and from my point of view, they were political propaganda, not academic lectures. On the very first lecture, the professor said: those who support Putin has lower IQ than those who oppose him. I got very interested, and with honest curiosity asked after the lecture where I can lookup the statistics. The professor replied: I just made it up! Happened this today, I wouldn’t be surprised, but in 2012 I was very disturbed by such answer. The professor left to Washington to watch elections after reading a few lectures.

What I especially found nasty about Dynasty and its followers is the fact that they were trying to misrepresent political activity as pure academic research.

Many scientists protested, but Elbakyan didn’t understand the outrage. As far as she was concerned, Dynasty — particularly through its funding of the LMF — had spread “propaganda against Putin and the Russian authorities.”

That quote is obviously taken from my short article about Dynasty in Sci-Hub social network group. Here is that article, in full, translated to English:

That note is about inclusion of Zimin’s foundation «Dynasty» to the list of foreign agents. On the Internet many politically biased information appeared on this topic. And what actually happened?
In Russia starting from 2012 there is an amendment to the law about NGO’s, according to which organizations that:
(a) involved in political activity
(b) receive funding from abroad – have to register as «foreign agents»
The law does not require stopping the activity. There is a special notice that scientific activity does not count as political.
Such law is not a purely Russian invention. The similar laws about organizations – foreign agents are working in the USA.
After examination of the foundation the Ministry of Justice stated that «Dynasty» conforms to the criteria listed and it is a foreign agent.
For example, the Dynasty foundation is one of the main sponsors of the foundation «Liberal mission». That foundation supports, developes an promotes the «liberal» ideas. In the Russian realities, that means supporting Euromaidan, protests and propaganda against Putin and russian authorities. In one if his interviews, Zimin openly says:
– Of course, I have been to Bolotnaya and to Manezhnaya [where protests took place] Right after interview I will drive to the «Rain» TV channel [the political opposition outlet]
Zimin’s son through his foundation «Sreda» sponsored oppositional media, such as the «Rain»
What do we have? In the case Zimin’s foundation only sponsored science, and only science – nobody would recognize it as a «foreign agent»
By the way, last year the foundation spent on science about 172 million rubles. Compare this to the government expenses to science: «for basic research in the following year is planned to give about 130 billion rubles, for citizen applied research – two times more»

ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Иностранный_агент
ruposters.ru/news/26-05-2015/zimin_dinastiya_po_kom
trv-science.ru/2014/10/07/byudzhet-na-nauku-2015

That’s it. I did not even attach an image to illustrate the article, as I do with most other posts. I wrote this very short and concise piece to state Sci-Hub position, and to show that Dynasty was actually involved in politics, and as a result eventually got restricted. Because in other sources, the events were mis-represented. Everyone was writing about how innocent, purely scientific initiative got restricted because of government stupidity. However, the Dynasty foundation was never pure science – and I found myself obliged to disclose this fact. I told the Verge about this.

The result of this short and not very harsh criticism was an outrage. The Verge writes that many scientists protested. However, protested many people who were not scientists, but politicians who supported Dynasty activities. Even people from Ukraine posted many comments. I deleted all comments that I found offensive, and removed such people from the Sci-Hub social network group.

She describes Zimin’s work through Dynasty, and the organization itself, as “anti-communist,” though she’s vague about how. Elbakyan says the foundation and Sci-Hub are “ideologically opposed”

That’s true: I view Sci-Hub as a communistic initiative. Sci-Hub opposes intellectual property on research articles that publishers hold. Research papers are common and not the property of some publisher. Even further, Sci-Hub opposes exploitation of researcher’s labor and restriction of masses from knowledge, that communist revolution opposed. Zimin, as I could understand from his interview, hated USSR. And Zimin was publishing Richard Dawkins books and was supported by some fanatic atheists. I’m not atheist.

Taking all that, I had no reason to love Zimin and be his ardent supporter – and many others in Russia too. However, my criticism was not based on these ideological differences: I simply noted the fact that true, Dynasty was involved in political activity. What’s wrong in disclosing that?

So, she began writing posts presenting instances of Dynasty supporting liberal-leaning groups. She asserts that she didn’t want to “[argue] any kind of side.” But the posts read with surprising acrimony for someone ostensibly attempting to be objective. She dubbed Dynasty’s supporters “the Brigades of the ‘Dynasty.’” She also re-shared negative articles about Dynasty that were written by state-controlled media outlets, and even shared Photoshopped pictures doctored to cast Zimin in a blatantly suspicious light.

Where did the journalist take this information from? There were only three posts published about Dynasty foundation in Sci-Hub group. The first post was that short and concise note saying that Dynasty was actually very political organization. The other post was a quote from Vera Mysina, a russian researcher who supported Dynasty to be considered a foreign agent.

«I think we did everything right. Because the activity of the foundation was ambiguous… our science and young researchers will not lose anything without the foundation» she said.

The quote was followed by a poll: should science be international, or not, because governments are competing with each other? Most users voted for the first option.

I never asserted that I’m trying to be objective. However, I do not find anything especially bitter or acrimonious in these posts. What was acrimonious is the reaction, for example, someone characterized Vera Mysina as «bitch and whore». Sci-Hub, on the contrary, did not use such kind of criticism against opponents, nor was calling them having low IQs, mad and retarded.

The cyberbullying started even before the first post about Dynasty in Sci-Hub group was published. I shared my opinion in other group that promoted Richard Dawkins and skepticism. I was told in obscene words, that Dynasty is much better than Sci-Hub. After post in Sci-Hub the insults increased, so I created a poll. I wrote about being bullied and asked users to vote: what will be more damaging for Russian science to lose: Sci-Hub or Dynasty? Sci-Hub won 80:20, after that Dynasty supporters started flowing into the group and the final result became 70:30. I removed the poll from the group afterwards, but you still can find it on individual users pages to check.

She dubbed Dynasty’s supporters “the Brigades of the ‘Dynasty.’”

Where did I say this? Perhaps in some private chat.

She also re-shared negative articles about Dynasty that were written by state-controlled media outlets

I do not remember sharing articles, however the first post about Dynasty cited one source about Dynasty, that talked about the political activity of the foundation.

…and even shared Photoshopped pictures doctored to cast Zimin in a blatantly suspicious light.

I do not remember myself sharing any such pictures.

In other words, there was no comprehensive attack on Dynasty from Sci-Hub as this article is trying to represent. I only shared the fact about Dynasty involvement in political activity. And even that was very short and concise.

Shortly afterward, something strange happened. Many of the former members of Sci-Hub’s vKontakte group say that they simply got booted for supporting Dynasty.

That is a blatant lie. There were people who simply said that Dynasty was a good foundation, helped Russian science and etc. and such opinions were never deleted and were never the reason to ban user. I said this before in Sci-Hub group, but my voice was never heard.

One scientist, Dmitry Perekalin of Nesmeyanov Institute, said that Elbakyan asked her group to vote on which was better for Russian science, Sci-Hub or Dynasty. “I wrote that it was a false dilemma and was immediately banned”

Because there was no dilemma. The poll was simply asking users to estimate, on their opinion, what could damage the Russian science more, the shut down of Sci-Hub or Dynasty. Where is the dilemma? Even further, this person is a liar: there is a big difference between asking «what is better» and «what would be more damaging to shut down»

I could comment much more on the completely unethical behavior of the Dynasty supporters in this conflict and afterwards, but enough. I sometimes think that perhaps, these people were not the true supporters of Dynasty: the simply used the foundation as an exuse to attack Sci-Hub. The never tried answering the criticism of Dynasty foundation with arguments, only with insults.

Ultimately, Elbakyan shut down Sci-Hub in Russia for several days

That did not happen immediately. The Dynasty «supporters» attacked me for two years after this conflict happened. Even though the government was behind the closing of Dynasty, they never tried to stop the war. Those people who ardently supported Dynasty still work in government-funded institutions, have good salaries and receive prizes from Russian government. On the other side, Sci-Hub was never receiving any support from government, even though it was, by the opinions of many researchers, very important project to help develop science.

That, and other reasons, such as new laws restricting freedom of information on the Internet, led me to shut down Sci-Hub in Russia as a sign of protest against all that is happening. That is somewhat similar to Wikipedia shutting down the website when they protested against SOPA and PIPA.

Corrections to The Verge article about Sci-Hub: part 1

Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Sat, 17/02/2018 - 2:21am in

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It took quite a time to proof-read that very long The Verge article about Sci-Hub, Open Access and about me as a Sci-Hub founder. Contrary to some opinions, the piece is not at all comprehensive and is omitting many important Sci-Hub ideas. The article is a result of a long Skype interview in Russian language back in December 2017. There are quite a bunch of mistakes and misrepresentations that I feel neccessary to adress. Since the article is long, I will split the corrections in three parts.

In cramped quarters at Russia’s Higher School of Economics, shared by four students and a cat, sat a server with 13 hard drives.

I was a master student in HSE in 2012-2014 and was living in a 2-bed room with a single roommate, and without a cat. I got cat later in 2014 when I moved out from HSE.

But even after receiving the “YOU HAVE BEEN SUED” email, Elbakyan was surprisingly relaxed. She went back to work. She was in Kazakhstan. The lawsuit was in America

It was in 2015 when I received this and I was in Russia.

The first time I encountered the distribution of scientific articles and sharing, it was in 2009, Elbakyan says. As a student doing research at the Russian Academy of Sciences, she ran across an obstacle encountered by students the world over: paywalls.

Not true: I ran on paywalls while working on my research project in Spring 2009 in Kazakhstan, and learnt how to get around paywalls then. In Summer 2009, I graduated from the university, and in Fall 2009, I moved to Russia and got some kind of a job in Russian Academy of Sciences. That was first time when I visited Russia.

So when Elbakyan found herself facing paywall after paywall, she began to wonder why she shouldn’t just jump them.

Not very accurate. I was accustomed to downloading everything in the Internet for free. So when I first encountered paywalls, I immediately started googling where these papers can be downloaded for free. I was extremely surprised and a even shocked there was no website, no torrent with these articles.

Elbakyan had been following the Open Access movement and was an ardent fan of MIT’s OpenCourseWare — an initiative through which the university makes virtually all of its coursework available — since 2008.

I do not remember I was following Open Access movement in 2009, but I knew about the Open Science idea according to my e-mails already in 2008. However, I do not remember where exactly I learnt about it. I was subscribed to many science blogs in Google Reader though.

In 2011, she attempted to create a Russian-language PLOS-style Open Access journal… Later that year, Elbakyan even applied to the Skolkovo Innovation Center, Russia’s self-styled answer to Silicon Valley.

I attempted starting the journal in Fall 2010, and filed application to Skolkovo in Spring 2011.

To Elbakyan, science thrives only when scientists shout their discoveries to everyone.

I did not remember where I exactly said this. However, I agree that science should be widely spread.

It’s a concept she came to borrow from the 20th century American sociologist Robert Merton, who founded the sociology of science, a study of science as a social practice.

I did not borrow this from Robert Merton. That is a very well-known concept in former USSR countries. See this poster from USSR which says «Science and Communism are inseparable»

ucnUP-SGLm0

Going further:

Most influential to Elbakyan were Merton’s “norms”

I got to know about Robert Merton much later in 2016, and was very inspired and surprised by the fact how these ideas do resonate with Sci-Hub ideas.

Elbakyan’s scientific communism mirrors the Western association between democracy and information openness

I remember I was very fond about the idea of democracy as a kind of collective problem-solving in 2011, however later the word democracy was discredited and got bad meaning: as a kind of a political doctrine used by Western countries as an excuse to attack and destroy other countries.

Elbakyan, on the other hand, wants Open Access fees covered up front in research grants.

I was saying that research grants is one of many possible options to compensate for editor’s works.

But the 25 percent of users from wealthy countries suggests Sci-Hub is a tool of convenience, says James Milne

How does it follow? Even in so-called wealthy countries, only elite universities have full access to science. Sci-Hub can be used by many other people who are not member of the elites as a neccessary mean to access papers, not as a tool of convenience.

Before Elbakyan was a pirate, she was an aspiring scientist with a knack for philosophizing and computer programming.

I have always been a pirate!

She often shared these books with other users on a Russian biology forum she frequented, molbiol.ru, which would prove to lay the groundwork for Sci-Hub’s debut.

I frequented this forum, and it was essential for Sci-Hub to start up, however, I never shared any ebooks there.

That worked well until the domain LibGen.org, went down, deleting 40,000 papers Elbakyan had collected, probably because one of its administrators died of cancer.

That is wrong. The LibGen.org domain was operating, it will only die in 2016 after Elsevier lawsuit. What happened is one of the hard drives used by LibGen died, perhaps because of overheating, and 40,000 papers were lost.

“One of my friends suggested to start actively collecting donations on Sci-Hub,” she says

Yes, but that was a year before the trouble happened with LibGen, in 2012.

Elbakyan vociferously denies this and has previously said that many academics have even offered their login information

What I always said is that I cannot disclose the source of the library accounts used to download papers, and I agreed that some accounts could come from various sources, including illicit ones. That is, and nothing else I said on this matter.

Elsevier was aware that Sci-Hub had paid some students for access to their university credentials. And several PayPal payments had been sent to Elbakyan for buying a proxy server

Elsevier became aware about this from Sci-Hub website. Sci-Hub had a donation section, where all donations and expenses were listed. I did this because I wanted Sci-Hub operation to be open and transparent to users.

With PayPal now closed to her, she simply turned to bitcoin donations to keep feeding Sci-Hub’s growth.

It has to be mentioned that Bitcoin was one of the ways to collect donations, but it never been an alternative to PayPal, which is the easiest and most convenient way. People donate to PayPal 10 times more frequently, if not more.

PCR interviewed by King World News

Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Mon, 15/09/2014 - 12:17pm in

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